Why did the Nazis treatment of the Jews change from 1939-45 Essay Example

Why did the Nazis treatment of the Jews change from 1939 Why did the Nazis treatment of the Jews change from 1939-45 Essay Why did the Nazis treatment of the Jews change from 1939-45 Essay Essay Topic: History The invasion of Poland in September 1939 led Britain and France to declare war on Germany. This acted as a catalyst for change in the treatment of the Jews. The conquest of Poland brought more than 3 million polish Jews under nazi rule, as this was the country with the highest Jewish population. In fact the polish city of Warsaw alone had a larger Jewish population than the whole German Reich. Naturally, the situation grew worse as German captured more land, they found more Jews and this meant that step by step more countries could be occupied in the same way, hence more Jews being exterminated. The Jews, which had been captured in Poland, were heavily terrorised with public humiliation, beatings and random killings. They were also driven into crowded ghettos in an area of Poland known as the general government. To mark them out, Jews were made to wear a yellow Star of David. Between the periods of 1939 -45, the Nazis dominated most of Europe and created 356 ghettos in Poland, the Soviet Union, the Baltic States, Czechoslovakia, Romania and Hungary. This is because they believed, that Jews were a disease and a permanent threat to the Aryan race, and they were ready to take any action, which could make the areas under their control Jew-free. With all the countries occupied, the Germans knew all the Europeans Jews could now be watched. Therefore the Jews became prisoners inside Europe and anywhere they went they could get captured. However, this soon became a problem, because the soldiers assigned to watch them in the ghettos, were becoming outnumbered as the number of Jews doubled rapidly. The soldiers also became involved in the war with the allies at the time, therefore the number of soldiers decreased. So the question is what could be done with the Jews? The initial solution to the Jewish problem was ghettoriasation. This meant that Jews were deported to large ghettoes away from the Aryans, where they could not infect the blood of the so-called Aryans. However, it is important to note that at this point in time the ghettoes were not death camps, they were as the name suggests, buildings concentrated with Jews in an area, which the nazis could manage. Yet in camps like these many people were starved to death, some rotted away while others died of dieses. Many commanders raped women in the camps, and others were used as guinea pigs in scientific experiments. However, as suggested above this solution could no longer operate as well due to the low number of soldiers available. Therefore, the Nazis considered the possibility of forcing all Jews to emigrate. One plan was to create a Jewish homeland somewhere in Eastern Europe. Another was to send all the Jews to Madagascar, a French island off the coast of southern Africa. But in 1941 both these options were discarded by a simpler, more direct plan for ending the Jewish problem, this was known as the final solution. In 1941, the Nazis invaded the Soviet Union. In the path of the invasion lay the countries of Ukraine and Byelorussia, namely part of the Baltic States, which contained about 5 million Jews. Before the invasion, Hitler gave out orders to his generals that they were to be merciless to the Slavs and doubly merciless towards Slav communists. He also said that special SS units known as the Einsatzgruppen were to shoot all communist. But the real order given to the SS units was to exterminate all soviet Jews. What followed could only be described as the brutal, in humane mass murder of the Jews. This killing took place on a massive scale. At Babi Yar outside Kiev in September 1941, over 33,000 Jews were massacred in two days. They were forced to stand and watch as row upon row of men, women and children were lined up along the edge of the ravine and systematically shot do that their bodies fell into depths which the Jews themselves were made to dig. In this way they were made to dig their own graves. Originally the executions at Babi Yar were carried out by mobile killing squads, called the SS, however it was not soon before they became emotionally distressed an traumatised by the pleading cries of Jewish children and women. Therefore, Himmmler came up with a plan that could systematically kill the jews in minutes. He introduced the idea of extermination camps, which could kill jews in minutes. The first death camp was set up in Chelmo in December 1941, a month before the wanasee conference. The death camp was responsible for the mass murder of Jews, anti -Nazis, gypsies and the mentally ill. Polish jews were targeted first, where gas vans were used to kill them, the exhaust was turned back into the van so that they died of Carbon monoxide poisoning while being driven to mass graves. Other Jews met a similar fate however they were deceived into getting into trucks where they were told to have a shower. However when the taps were turned on gas was released instead of water. Carbon monoxide was also used in gas chambers constructed between autumn 1941 and spring 1942 at belzec. At autschwitz, and extermination camp, and insecticide called zyklon -b was used for killing. It is important to understand that the systematic killing of the Jews with gas had not yet been made official at the wannsee conference, in fact many of the acts stated above, were merely experiments. At the Wannsee conference, that took place on January 20 1942, was where the German civil servants and the SS functionaries met and together tried to derive a plan on what could be done to the 14 million Jews in Europe. A man called Heydrich headed the conference. It became obvious that the rising number of Jews was too much for the Nazis to deal with, as they could not spare any soldiers due to the war. Heydrick decided that those who were fit enough to do so, would be appointed to work for the German industry while others who were not would be escorted to death camps in Poland and Austria, here they would be killed by gas. Poland was a popular choice for these camps as the country consisted of a large Jewish population. the final solution added to the terror that Jews were already facing. No longer were jews allowed to move out of areas under nazi control. They were now being dent to death camps. The Nazis did everything in their power to keep the extermination programme a secret. Therefore the death camps were located in remote areas in the East. However most people knew that Jews were being deported eastwards. But the Nazis never used such words as extermination or killing. Instead, they used code word such final solution and evacuation. This secret however was revealed in mid 1944. It is fair to say that the change in the treatment of the Nazis may not have taken place, if the allied nations had not declared war on Germany. Firstly, because there would have been more soldiers and so there might not have been a need to establish gas chambers an therefore many more Jews would have been saved. Also, Hitler had openly threatened that if the allied nations resisted Germanys invasion of Europe, than Hitler would hold the Jews hostage and as a result many Jews were unable to leave Europe and became prisoners in their own country.

Grammar Tips Using the Future Tense - Get Proofed!

Grammar Tips Using the Future Tense - Get Proofed! Using the Future Tense We use the future tense for things ranging from stating vague ambitions (e.g., â€Å"I will go to Hawaii one day†) to making concrete plans (e.g., â€Å"I will book tickets this evening†). Mastering this tense is therefore essential for expressing yourself clearly. But how does this work? In English, we usually form the future tenses using the words â€Å"will† and â€Å"shall.† Read on for some grammatical tips. And once were done with the grammar, well go back to dreaming about Hawaii. Simple Future Tense The simple future tense combines â€Å"will† or â€Å"shall† with the base form of a verb (i.e., the verb form used in the simple present tense). For example, we could say: Hawaii will welcome us with open arms! Here, â€Å"will† is combined with â€Å"welcome† to make a prediction. Future Continuous Tense If you want to discuss an ongoing action in the future, you need the future continuous tense: I will be lying in the sun this time next week! As shown, the future continuous combines â€Å"will/shall be† and a present participle (i.e., an â€Å"-ing† verb). Future Perfect Tense The future perfect tense lets us project ourselves forward and reflect on something that hasn’t yet happened. Specifically, the future perfect covers actions that will have been completed in the future: Once I’ve been to Hawaii, I will have visited every US state. This tense is formed by combining â€Å"will/shall have† with a past participle. Future Continuous Perfect The difference between the future perfect and future perfect continuous tenses is that the future perfect continuous is used for ongoing actions that will have finished by a certain time: By the end of this journey, we will have been traveling for a month. As above, this tense usually describes an action that has already begun and specifies a time by which it will have ended. It is formed by combining â€Å"will/shall have been† with a present participle. Will or Shall? We said at the beginning of this post that â€Å"will† and â€Å"shall† are both used to express the future tense, but you may have noticed that we use â€Å"will† in all of the examples above. In the old days, â€Å"shall† was used with first-person pronouns (e.g. â€Å"I shall†) and â€Å"will† with second and third-person pronouns (e.g., â€Å"you will† or â€Å"it will†). Confusingly, these were then reversed to make an emphatic point, which is why the Fairy Godmother in Cinderella says, â€Å"You shall go to the ball!† But in modern American English, there are only two reasons to use â€Å"shall†: To sound formal (e.g., a contract) or old-fashioned (e.g., a historical novel) To ask a question in the first person (e.g., Shall I book the tickets tonight?) In all other cases, â€Å"will† is now standard with all pronoun types. Other Ways of Discussing the Future As well as using â€Å"will† or â€Å"shall,† English offers a couple of other ways to discuss the future: Use â€Å"going to† with an infinitive verb (e.g., The volcano is going to explode) Combine the present tense with a future time (e.g., It is happening tomorrow) You can use these as alternatives to the future tense forms set out above.

Organising the classroom for ADHD pupils Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Organising the classroom for ADHD pupils - Essay Example The incident impacted on me as it gave me a chance to experience firsthand how ADHD students act in the classroom setting. The end goal of this paper is to establish ways by which the classroom can be managed to fit the needs of the ADHD student. The coaching model provides a strong foundation for the learning which needs to be established for ADHD students. This model seeks to assist students in reframing how they understand themselves as capable individuals. Coaches would set ground rules in order to secure boundaries on what students may or may not do, and the goals they can establish for themselves. These coaches also ask questions in order to help the ADHD students reflect; they also encourage problem-solving skills and provide encouragement and self-belief (Derrington, 2005). This situation involves an ADHD student who manifested the classic signs of ADHD including hyperactivity, short attention span, easy distractibility, class disruptiveness, impulsivity and inattentiveness. Due to his symptoms, he was also having difficulty keeping up with the class lessons. The importance of having to secure a conducive learning environment for him became a necessity especially when the student was falling well behind his other classmates. A plan was established in order to provide support for the student and to ensure his full and effective participation. Such support is partly based on the coaching model which accepts the importance of providing guidance and encouragement for the students in their lessons and activities. The student had one-on-one support for his daily lessons, however, this was not working well for the student as different teaching assistants were assigned to him for each subject. The different approaches of the teaching assistants made the situation even more difficult for the student to adapt to. After the teachers and teaching assistants met and discussed the student’s case, it was suggested that there was a need to make changes in the cl assroom in order to ensure more efficient outcomes. It was suggested that the student needed to have only one teaching assistant assigned to him for his daily lessons. This would help provide consistency and discipline for his lessons and his learning. The reflective process and model which would be applied for this essay would be the Gibbs reflection style. This reflective style provides specific details on the different events surrounding the critical incident. The actions and decisions involving the incident will then be critically assessed and analyzed, applying evidence-based research in order to provide sufficient support and logic for the actions made (Jasper, 2003). This reflective model includes a description of the event, the feelings during the incident, the evaluation of the incident, an analysis of the incident, and an action plan for the incident (Jasper, 2003). A description of the incident is already provided above. In relation to the feelings encountered, I felt tha t the student needed to secure a more stable and consistent classroom environment, one where he would not have to make constant adjustments. I also felt that the student also needed to adjust to a normal classroom setting in order to help him gain the social skills of interactions with his classmates. In evaluating what was good and bad about the experience, I felt that the teaching assi

Culture & Growth stages of Organizations Research Paper

Culture & Growth stages of Organizations - Research Paper Example The ethical and moral values of the people employed by the organization, their social background and their religious values define the culture of an organization. According to Schein (1992), organizational culture is determined by the shared assumptions and beliefs about the world, human nature and human relationships. Organizational culture includes the procedures, leadership styles, individuality, language and symbols used in the organization. The culture of an organization is shaped by values, beliefs and underlying assumption of the personnel of an organization. Values are the factors that represent the outlook of the culture of an organization. Values and beliefs of the people are prominent factors that are shaped by the underlying assumptions of the people. Underlying assumptions are the response of the environment in which the organization exists and these are unconsciously accepted by the people. The culture of an organization may be an obstacle in the way of achieving the mi ssion of the organization. If the mission of an organization and the culture of the organization are conflicting in nature, it might be difficult for the organization to achieve its objectives successfully. An organization must have complete support of the personnel in the organization in order to ensure successful implementation of the strategies set out by the organization to achieve its objectives. ... Leaders may use the style of communication in order to emphasize the need for change in the culture of an organization. Emotional outbursts also have positive impacts in case of bringing a change in the culture of an organization. In order to send a message to the personnel of an organization regarding a thing that is not important, a leader may choose to give no attention to that particular thing. In this manner, the perception of the organizational personnel regarding that thing would change and it would gradually be eliminated from the organization. A change in the culture of an organization can also be brought by the way the leader responds to the crisis. In the stages of growth of the organization, there are a number of things that require significant changes within an organization. An organization needs to acclimatize with its external environment. If the external environment of an organization changes the organization would also have to change. If the organization remains pers istent and does not bring any change, the organization would become vulnerable to a crisis. In this case, a leader plays an important role. In order to ensure that the change is supported throughout the organization, the leader might need to exaggerate the effect that the crisis might have on the organization. In such scenario, the leader may act as a savior and take some rigorous steps that have the potential to bring a change in the organization that would not have been possible otherwise. In order to tackle the change that must be brought in the culture of an organization at the time of growth in the organization, the leaders can bring the change by acting as a role model for others. Leaders can communicate their expectations through their own

Curleys wife Essay Example for Free

Curleys wife Essay Of Mice and Men was written in 1937 by John Steinbeck. It was set whilst we was in the great depression. Referring to how during the great depression women were oppressed and treated less equally to men. Steinbeck may have portrayed women in this light to allow the reader to recognize the inferior role of women at that time. The lack of name demotes Curleys wife to insignificant status. Her lack of identity implied she is not woman but rather a possession of her husband. This character develops, we find that she is not in fact the unimportant, nameless character we first perceive her as, but rather she is a relatively complex and interesting character. Steinbeck presents her in many ways throughout the story changing the reader opinion of her all the time. In section 2, Curley’s Wife is first presented to us through the dialogue of ranch-hand Candy, when he describes her to George, the reader begin to create an image in our head of what Curley’s wife looks like. Curley’s wife has no respect from the other men at the ranch. Candy uses expressions such as ‘she got the eye’ and goes on to describe her as looking at other men, before eventually calling her a ‘tart’. Through Candy’s words, we develop an initial perception of Curley’s Wife as flirtatious ‘tramp’ and even immoral. The word ‘tart’ suggests she presents herself in a flamboyant manner, which portrays her desperation to be noticed. Steinbeck enables the reader to see Curley’s Wife through Candy’s eyes on their first encounter with her. Further into section two we get a better understanding of Curley’s wife appearance. This reinforces the reader’s thoughts about her. Steinbeck uses the colour red which supports candy’s idea of her being a tart. The colour red is sexualised. Steinbeck repeats the word red many times throughout the passage of her Characterizations. He states her having â€Å"full rouged lips† and â€Å"her finger nails were red† red is a bright colour this suggest that curley’s wife wants attention from the other men on the ranch. † She has red mules† and â€Å"red ostrich feathers† these are expensive so she is trying to impress the men and ostriches are exotic animals, which could her influence her wild side. On the other hand, Curley’s Wife’s appearance could be seen as naivety and simply youthful desire to be found attractive. Red is a primary colour therefore children are attracted to it, it is a colour children want to wear because it is bright and has an element of happiness in it. Therefore Curley’s Wife wearing the colour red may symbolise a child’s attraction to bright colours portraying her as youthful. Steinbeck describes her to wear a â€Å"cotton dress† which is everyday clothing, this juxtaposes against all the red. A cotton dress is more practical to wear at a ranch, so the reader are hesitant, but there is more affirmation to support her being a tart. Steinbeck’s explanation of Curley’s wife plays with the reader’s opinion on her personality. Steinbeck says â€Å"her voice had a nasal, brittle quality† which means it hard but liable to break. This indicates that she may look tough on the outside but Curley’s wife can easily be hurt. Steinbeck then describes her to be sneaky and that she is then dishonest to Curley as when she reaches the barn with the Lennie, Candy and Crooks â€Å"she breathed strongly as tough she had been running† She is sly and want to get away from Curley so then she can go and talk to other men as she does not get that attention from curley this could suggest that their marriage is not true and curley just uses her to feel good about him sly and impress other guys on the ranch wear as the men are not bothered about her. We get across that she can be lonely as Curley does not give her the amount of attention as she desires as Curley’s wife â€Å"think I don’t like to talk to somebody ever’ once in a while? † this is where we get to see her innocent side and the reader start to feel sympathy for her as there is no other women she can speck to just men and curley. When she is alone in the barn with Lonnie she expresses more about her being lonely she is repeating this regularly throughout the scene â€Å"why can’t I talk to you? Dhe will talk to the man that hurt her husband’s hand which reinforces that she is desperate to talk to anyone. â€Å"I get awful lonely†, â€Å"I get lonely† trying to get Lennie sympathy. Steinbeck shows that she is flirtatious and describes her being flirtation a lot. Curley’s wife uses her flirtatious action to get attention â€Å" she moved closer to him and she spoke soothingly† which will relax Lennie and then he will be more attract to Curley’s wife. After Curley’s wife is dead the writer uses a simile to describe what she looks like whilst she is dead â€Å"her body flopped like a fish† which signifies that she is lifeless and fish is not a nice thing to be described as this proves she is not an important member on the ranch and hat she is not cared and has affection from other characters. After her death Steinbeck describes her appearance so that she would like she did want attention â€Å"the meanness and the planning and the discontent and the ache for attention were all gone from her face† which could suggest that her death had proven that she was just a person In need of some comfort. We then as the reader mainly fill sympathy for her. When we are hearing Curley’s wife actions in candy perception we get a negative impression of her and she is not a loyal newlywed as candy said â€Å"I seen her give the slim the eye. Curley never seen it. An’ I seen her give Carlson the eye. † Which implies that she can’t just live with the attention from just Curley but she need it from other mum to fell her need and as Curley has never seen it suggest that she has sneaky action and going behind his back to eye up other men.

Inequality of Wealth and Income Distribution in America Essay -- essay

Inequality of Wealth and Income Distribution in America Every American dreams of finding a job that pays well enough so that they may comfortably take care of their loved ones and themselves for years to come. Most Americans hope to find some way to make a living that they enjoy, something that they view as productive. Unfortunately, many do not have this luxury. In our society, a good portion of the population is forced to hold the base of our country in place while hardly being redeemed for their time and effort, and thus the problem of income inequality. Numbers of these people live from paycheck to paycheck, barely getting by, not because they manage their money poorly, but because the value of their time at work is negligible. Some may even sacrifice happiness at work to find a job that pays better simply because they cannot make ends meet at their current job. Some people sacrifice their sanity and eventually their life just to keep from going under financially. Segregation in income distribution is another cause of these proble ms, such as that with women or African-Americans who make less than other classes comparatively. In contrast, actors and actresses make millions in the entertainment industry, an industry that grosses hundreds of millions of dollars a year creating what adds up to be the same kind of entertainment most people could get out of watching their children play sports or sing in a choir. The question then is how to find the value of work and time in our society and what should determine income. Positive reasons for income inequality are hard to find. One reason is the incentives there are to achieving higher status of income. You are regarded as successful in the eyes of your peers, and if you financial security is achieved, your life can be a lot less stressful. It is the pursuit of these incentives, this kind of greed, which keeps the economy running strongly. People work hard if they will be rewarded for it, so they pursue a higher education to get better jobs, to create a business, and we all benefit from that. An article, The Truth About Income Inequality by John H. Hinderaker and Scott W. Johnson, which is based completely on statistics from the government, proves that income has not fallen for Americans. In fact, the distribution of income is no worse than it has ever been, and certainly better than when the count... ... If everyone in this nation were aware of the influence that income inequality has on the people’s lives, many would be surprised and outraged. While the incentive’s and rewards of higher income are what fuels the economy, and what raises our standard of living, reaching that level of income has been difficult in the past and seems to be getting worse. Income inequality has been on the rise since the 1960’s, according to the graph of the Gini index, a statistical index of (in)equality. Those incentives of higher income are becoming scarce and costly, and many people think it isn’t worth the work to reach it. The larger the gap between the social classes, the more prominent social classification becomes, and the more we, as citizens and human beings, should be prepared to make a stand for the basic right of standard of living that was initiated by our independence. Works Cited The Simple Truth about the Gender Pay Gap (Fall 2014) http://www.aauw.org/research/the-simple-truth-about-the-gender-pay-gap/ John H. Hinderaker and Scott W. Johnson, â€Å"The Truth About Income Inequality† http://www.americanexperiment.org/publications/reports/the-truth-about-income-inequality

Hrm587 “Classics” Supplemental Articles List

HRM587 â€Å"Classics† Supplemental Articles List (Available in DeVry University/Keller Online Library) The articles listed below have all been acknowledged as contributing in significant ways to our understanding about change. We refer to them as â€Å"classics. † Many have been cited extensively in the literature and either share the foundations of the theories and practices discussed in our course or amplify them.They are presented here in the hopes that students will have an interest in digging deeper in their research for the final project and/or that they will refer back to them in their ongoing development as leaders. All have been searched in our EBSCO database and we include ISSN Numbers here for your ease of retrieval. We hope they contribute to your learning about Change Management and Leadership. Beer, M. & Nohria, N. (May/June 2000). Cracking the Code of Change. Harvard Business review, 78(3), 133-141 ISSN 00178012 Christensen, C. Overdorf, M. (March/April 2000). Meeting the Challenge of Disruptive Change. Harvard Business Review, 78 (2), 66-76. ISSN 00178012 Beer, M. Eisenstat, R. & Spector, B. (November/December 1990). Why Change Programs Don’t Produce Change. Harvard Business Review, 68 (6), 158-166. ISSN 00178012 Mintzberg, H. (July/August 1987). Crafting Strategy. Harvard Business Review, 65 (4), 66-75. ISSN 00178012 Collins, J. C. & Porras, J. I. (1996, September/October). Building your company’s vision. Harvard Business Review, 74(5), 65-78.ISSN 00178012 Nadler, D. & Tushman, M. (August, 1987). Organizational Frame Bending: Principles for Managing Reorientation. Academy of Management Executive, 3 (3), 194-204. ISSN 08963789 Peiperl, M. & Baruch, Y. (Spring, 1997) Back to Square Zero: The Post-Corporate Career Organizational Dynamics, 25 (4), 6-22. ISSN 00902616 Orlikowski, W. & Hufman, D. (Winter 1997) An Improvisational Model for Change Management: the Case of Groupware Technologies. Sloan Management Review, 38 ( 2), 11-21. ISSN 0019848X

Overcriminalization Essay

In every nation, people are governed by a government. The very purpose of having a government is to have a highest authority to maintain peace and order in a nation. A government, through its legitimate authority and power, sets up laws and rules and every citizens are expected to follow. These laws are granted as a guide and ensure that the activities and affairs of every individual are within the context of legality, morality, accepted customs, and traditions and is not violating other people’s rights. Body In criminal law and even in the Constitution, crimes that are against people and properties are defined. This includes murder, rape, robbery, theft, among others. Corresponding punishment has also been provided for the purpose of distinguishing the legal standard of justice (Husak, 2008, p. 6). Significantly, justice is the very reason for penalizing individuals who acted beyond their right. However, justice also has standard that cannot just easily be measured. But the laws are controlling and in the context of the law, justice is served. On the part of every individual, he is given freedom to act, provided that he is not violating any laws. In the society, changes are also indispensable, like the existence of homosexuals. For these changes and acceptance of the people of taboos, many argue that overcriminalization exist in the criminal justice system of the country. Meanwhile overcriminalization refers to idea that laws regulating public morality may result in a substantial diversion of police, prosecutor, and judicial time, personnel and resources. In the medical and psychological arena, homosexuality is accepted; however such has been criminalized under the sodomy law established since nineteenth century (Greenbers, 1988, p. 455). Notably, During WWII, a man was convicted of 20- year in prison for running an entertainment establishment for homosexuals despite his effort in catching German spies (Greenbers, 1988 p. 455). Since then several men were indicted for a long year imprisonment because of heterosexual relationships. Gays’ and even lesbians’ acts and choice were controlled by law. A wrong choice would be equivalent to imprisonment. Since then the sodomy law has been challenged of its constitutionality. Several gays claimed that sodomy laws curtails their freedom to privacy and choice. However, the court stayed the legality of the law until 2003. In Lawrence v. Texas (539 U. S. 558), the petitioner, a man, was caught in his private room having carnal knowledge with a man. They were arrested for violating the sodomy law. In court, Lawrence raised that the law violates their constitutional right on equal protection, due process and privacy. After extensive debates, all sodomy laws were stricken out in all states and the gays and lesbians were liberated. Primarily, the court stressed that gays have Another overcriminalization seen is the prohibition on alcohol consumption. In the olden era, wine serves as medicine for several diseases and as pain reliever. Wine was also among the essentials in gatherings and ceremonies. Through time, many alcohol beverages were processed to make it more intoxicant. However, it was made a crime to consume alcohol and other form of intoxicants. The authorities argued that alcohol can make a drank an evil because of the effects of intoxication. Many crimes were committed due to drunkenness and to avoid further crimes, the law prohibited the citizens to take in alcohol. However, the curtailment of crime resulted to the violation of right. The legislature kept on defining numerous crimes instead of setting up a fairer standard that will regulate alcohol. At present, the law is still silent as to the issue on lowering of drinking age from 21 to 18 years of age. Many argue that adults below 21 year- old are penalized for consuming alcohol and considered it as ironical when they were granted political and civil rights at the age of 18. Through this, the law is seen to have overcriminalized. However, the law is becoming lenient because several adult below 21 are able to drink without being caught. While it may be observed that the law is becoming lenient on criminalizing some immoral acts, other forms of overcriminalization can be noticed today. Although liberations have been celebrated by various classes, the public is endangered of other being punished severely for petty crimes. With the death of sodomy law and alcohol bans, the liberty of the citizens are yet unsettled. After the 9/11 terrorist attack several laws were passed by the Congress to curtail terrorism. However, it has a drawback against the citizens. The Patriot Act which encompasses crimes of smuggling and money laundering is considered to have its way to overcriminalization. This is so because of the imposition of a grave penalty to a petty crime. An astonishing example is David McNab, a fisherman, who was charged for smuggling and money- laundering for bagging a 5. 5 inches lobster (Berlau, Making a Meth of the Patriot Act). . For a minor environmental violation, McNab is now serving a â€Å"multi- year sentence† (Berlau, Making a Meth of the Patriot Act). Many more types of overcriminalization are expected in the enforcement of the Patriot act because of the free access and intensified surveillance that authorities are able to do. In some states, overcriminalization do exist. In District of Columbia, the state law and even federal law prohibit the unauthorized use of the â€Å"Smokey Bear† emblems (Luna, 2005, p. 704). The lawful exercise of religious belief in school and in public placed are even punished or restricted due to the insistence of separation of church and state principle. Nevertheless, while overcriminalization may still exist, today’s regulation has become more lenient than before. Rights to same- sex marriage, common law relationship, and even possession of gun by private individuals are just some of the evidence of laws leniency. Since the feudal time, many changes have occurred that even various kinds of discrimination were eradicated. Many liberalists were overjoyed and are even lobbying for other rights that are made punishable by laws. As for them, the enjoyment of liberties is the real guarantee of democracy. Conclusion Since nineteenth century, the government’s authority was so broad in scope that citizens were enjoying a limited freedom. Any acts of immorality in eyes of the church then were also punishable by law. Several private rights were not recognized due to the controlling laws and unacceptability of the society of the changes. These led to the perception that overcriminalization is existing in the legal system. In the twentieth century, laws that impose punishments for immoral acts were invalidated by the courts. Indeed, overcriminalization has slowed a bit. However, due to the pending threat on security, the overcriminalization may be strengthened. But the civil liberty advocates are watchful of every government acts to avoid further curtailment of rights and eventually guarantees respect to democracy.

Research Paper Editing

Research Paper Editing Research Paper Editing Research Paper Editing You've finished your work, the pressure is off, and you're feeling a mixture of satisfaction and relief. The last thing you want to do is to sit down and carefully editing a research paper one more time. Most students don't spend enough time editing their English research papers, but it's not enough just to rely on a computer spell-checker. Some students submit research paper without editing them, only to find that the pages are out of order, references are incorrect, the printer was out of alignment or the reference list is missing. If you devote enough time to editing your college research paper, you'll find some mistakes that could easily be corrected and you'll be protected against unnecessary loss of marks. The following example may sound familiar. When you write out the final version of your academic research paper, you fix up some of the sentence structure and expression along the way. It is not uncommon for a word to be on the 'tip of your tongue', but it refuses to pop out, so you leave a space for the word, making a mental note to come back to it later. A variation on this theme is work full of correction fluid gaps. While editing your research paper, you find a mistake, use correction fluid and, as it dries, you rake a mental note to come back to it. In both cases, it is easy to forget these mental notes and to hand in work with white blanks on the pages. Editing Help Research paper editing isn't easy, so don't rush it. Read the following paper editing tips. Mistakes are easy to miss even when you are looking for them and edit them. Because you are familiar with the material, as you read through it your mind tends to anticipate what is to come and you begin to gloss over what you are reading. The simplest way to overcome such editing pitfalls is to get a friend or a family member to proofread and edit your writing. If you do it alone, the only way not to miss mistakes is to read and edit your English research paper line by line. Block all the lines of your research paper writing, bar the one you are actually reading with a ruler or piece of paper. Editing research paper requires concentration on each word in the line, then moving to the next line while keeping the others covered. Line by line is the only effective way of research paper editing. .com Many students seek professional research paper editing services because they understand the value of perfection. Polished papers are marked higher because nothing distracts the reader's attention from the points you are making.   We have the lowest prices on essay editing services and we are available 24/7 to help you with research paper editing. Our blog is absolutely free to use!

Melting Point Vs. Freezing Point

Melting Point Vs. Freezing Point You may think the melting point and freezing point of a substance occur at the same temperature. Sometimes they do, but sometimes they dont. The melting point of a solid is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid phase and the  solid phase are equal and at equilibrium. If you increase the temperature, the solid will melt. If you decrease the temperature of a liquid past the same temperature, it may or may not freeze! This is supercooling and it occurs with many substances, including water. Unless there is a nucleus for crystallization, you can cool water well below its melting point and it wont turn to ice (freeze). You can demonstrate this effect by cooling very pure water in a freezer in a smooth container to as low as −42 degrees Celcius. Then if you disturb the water (shake it, pour it, or touch it), it will turn to ice as you watch. The freezing point of water and other liquids may be the same temperature as the melting point. It wont be higher, but it could easily be lower.

Exploring Programming Languages Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Exploring Programming Languages - Essay Example Secondly, the C# is also an object-oriented programming language developed by Microsoft for the development of windows based and internet applications which is literally the counterpart to Java of Sun Microsystems. Thirdly, the C++ programming language was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup, and defined as general purpose programming language that is better than the C language which supports data abstraction, object-oriented programming, and generic programming. Due to its extensive capabilities, most of the programs running in computer system such as applications, games, and even the operating system are written in C++ language. As what I have mentioned above, the three different programming languages are all object-oriented wherein the programming methodology focuses on the data rather than the process. The data can be entities or objects that are being manipulated. Objects are commonly defined as sufficient modules, conceptual entities, and run-time units that are used as the foundation of the program. In most object-oriented programming language, an object is characterized by its identity, state, and behavior. Identity is a property of an object that distinguishes from other objects, while the state describes the data stored in the object, and lastly, the behavior is the one that describe the methods of the object's interface Ja Java programming language defined objects as the bundle of related state and behavior wherein it stores its state in the fields and exposed its behavior through methods. In other programming languages, fields are treated as variables while methods are treated as functions. The classes in java are blueprints that are used for the creation of an object, thus, it makes an object an instance of a class. Java uses inner classes instead of pointers to create a concise adapter classes that are often used to connect a callback and event from a module to others. Inheritance in Java is the ability of a class to inherit frequent used states and behaviors of other classes. In general rule of inheritance, a class must only have one direct superclass or parent class, while one superclass can have unlimited subclasses or child classes. Instead of the templates being used by other programming languages, Java used generics to create classes and objects that can operate on any defined types. This adv antage gives the programmer an ease of use and better code. In C# programming language, a type was defined by a class, while the instances of the class are called objects. There is a similarity in the definition of the object in both C# and Java, wherein it stated from the latter that object is an instance of a class. The class is the heart or core of all object-oriented programming and so it is vital in C#. A class is a container of data or fields and operations that manipulate the data or method. Pointers are variables that hold the address in the memory of other variable. Since it is a pointer, it could be used in value types and arrays but not to a structure containing a reference types. The same as Java, that inheritance was also implemented for it was the specialization relationship wherein the class could inherit only from a single parent or superclass, but a certain class can have many or multiple interfaces. C# uses generics instead of